There are six trends of deep processing of fruit and vegetable powder

Fruits and vegetables are not only delicious, but also rich in vitamins and elements needed by the human body. They are suitable for all ages. With the development of fruit and vegetable processing industry, more and more fruit and vegetable products appear in people's shopping cart. Developing deep processing of fruits and vegetables can not only reduce waste, but also increase farmers' income, killing two birds with one stone.

At present, fruit and vegetable products with development prospects include: freeze-dried fruits and vegetables; Vegetable juice, fermented vegetable drink, lactic acid fermented vegetable juice drink; Pure vegetables; Vegetable puffed food; Fruit and vegetable powder; Vegetable chips; Vegetable products with special colors and functions. Such as beauty vegetables, vegetable noodles, vegetable bread, vegetable tofu and so on. In recent years, the processing of fruits and vegetables has shown the following new trends.

1. Fruit and vegetable component extracts are processed into successful food

With the deepening of research, many fruits and vegetables have been found to contain physiological active substances. Known as the "antioxidant" in fruits and vegetables, blueberry has a strong oxidation effect and can prevent dysfunction. More scholars have further found that blueberry extract can reverse dysfunction, not only improve short-term memory, but also improve the balance and coordination of the elderly. In Europe, blueberries have long been known to have vision-improving properties, mainly due to their anthocyanin components. In addition, red grapes contain resveratrol, which can prevent the oxidation of low density lipoprotein, inhibit the deposition of cholesterol in blood vessel walls, prevent the aggregation of platelets in arteries, help prevent the formation of blood clots, and have anti-cancer effects. Nuts contain flavonoids, can inhibit platelet aggregation, antibacterial, anti-tumor; Citrus contains flavonoids, carotenoids and so on, can inhibit thrombus formation, antibacterial, inhibit tumor cell growth; Pumpkin contains hypoglycemic factors with cyclopropyl structure, which has obvious effect on the treatment of diabetes. Tomatoes contain lycopene, which has antioxidant properties and may protect against prostate, digestive and lung cancers.

Many fruits and vegetables contain functional physiological active ingredients. Researchers are using various methods to isolate, extract and concentrate these functional ingredients from fruits and vegetables, and then add them to various foods or process functional foods.

2, Z small processing prospects are broad

Traditional processed food has been neglected by consumers because of intense hot processing, which has lost the freshness of raw materials, destroyed the nutritional composition and changed the flavor of products. Therefore, the concept of Z small processing (MP for short) appears in the food industry. MP processing of fruits and vegetables is different from traditional fruit and vegetable processing technologies such as canning, quick-freezing, drying, curing, etc. The processing method is between storage and processing of fruits and vegetables, and there is no intense hot processing of fruit and vegetable products. Fruit and vegetable raw materials after proper pretreatment including peeling, cutting, dressing, etc., the processed fruits and vegetables are still alive, can carry on breathing, with fresh, convenient, edible characteristics. In the past 10 years, MP fruits and vegetables have been greatly developed in the United States, Japan, Europe and other places. At present, the industrialized MP fruit and vegetable varieties include carrot, MP food: lettuce, cabbage, leek, celery, potato, apple, pear, peach, grass poison, pineapple, etc., which is still in its infancy, but its prospects are broad.

MP vegetables are called "cut vegetables" in China, but due to the imperfect processing technology and sanitary conditions, the processed vegetables cannot meet the requirements and must be cleaned after buying. After MP processing, the tissue structure of fruits and vegetables is damaged and the original protection system is destroyed, which is easy to lead to problems such as Browning, water loss, softening of tissue structure, and microbial reproduction. Therefore, some measures must be taken during processing, such as refrigeration, on the one hand, to inhibit the respiration activities of fruits and vegetables and reduce losses; on the other hand, to reduce corruption by inhibiting the reproduction of microorganisms. Air conditioning packaging (MAP), which creates a low oxygen and high carbon dioxide environment, inhibits the respiration of fruits and vegetables and the growth of aerobic microorganisms; Food additive treatment, the use of vitamin C, acid, chelating agents to prevent fruit and vegetable Browning; Coating treatment forms a protective film on the surface of MP fruits and vegetables, so that the fruits and vegetables are not affected by external oxygen, moisture and microorganisms, improve the stability of the product, and also improve the appearance of the product.

3. Fruit and vegetable juice processing industry presents new development

Fruit and vegetable juice is known as "liquid fruit and vegetable", which better retains the nutritional components of fruit and vegetable raw materials. People's attention to health, the change of consumption consciousness, the consumption of drinks has gradually changed from hobby drinks to nutritional drinks, fruit and vegetable juice drinks to meet this requirement, the market is gradually expanding. At present, juice on the market mainly includes orange juice, apple juice, pineapple juice, grape juice, vegetable juice mainly includes tomato juice, carrot juice, pumpkin juice and some fruit and vegetable complex juice. In recent years, our fruit and vegetable juice processing industry has had great development, a large number of foreign advanced fruit and vegetable juice processing production line, Tetra Pak production line, Kangmeihe production line, three-piece tank production line, Aika bag production line, etc., the use of some advanced processing technologies such as high temperature short-time sterilization technology, aseptic packaging technology, membrane separation technology, etc. The processing level of fruit and vegetable juice has been raised one level. With the further development of fruit and vegetable juice, there are new product trends:

(1) Concentrated fruit juice is small in size and light in weight, which can reduce the cost of storage, packaging and transportation, which is conducive to international trade.

(2) NFC fruit and vegetable juice This kind of juice is not made from concentrated fruit and vegetable juice and water reduction, but from raw fruit and vegetable juice directly after sterilization. Packaging as a finished product eliminates the need for concentration and sterilization after the preparation of concentrated juice.

(3) Composite fruit and vegetable juice makes use of the characteristics of various fruit and vegetable raw materials, and makes comprehensive modulation from the aspects of nutrition, color and flavor to create more ideal fruit and vegetable juice products.

(4) Pulp drinks better retain the dietary fiber in fruit, and the utilization rate of raw materials is higher.

(5) New juice drinks in the future market Fruit and vegetable juice drinks develop rapidly in developed countries, and there are many popular varieties in foreign markets. Pineapple juice and vegetable juice (consisting of tomato juice, carrot juice, celery juice, beet juice, lettuce juice, spinach juice, etc.) are common in the market. With salt, spices, citric acid, etc.), and in the American market, mixed with two or more different fruit juices, is a new age drink.

Flower type beverage is popular in Europe at present, this kind of drink does not contain irritating substances, not only the color pleasing to the eye, its fragrance is intoxicating, and has the effect of nourishing the skin, beauty, refreshing eye-catching, especially by female consumers, now the market popular roses, sunflowers, lindy flower beverage, its plants in the production process without chemical fertilizer, Also does not spray chemical pesticides, without any pollution, flowers in full bloom, the use of artificial fine pick, and then through high technology rapid dehydration, so as to ensure the integrity of the flower and original taste, this flower drink can be boiled water, can also be mixed with other juice drinking. Iodine rich juice drink is a natural green food which is composed of Marine organisms -- Marine algae (such as kelp) extract and juice by scientific methods. Because seaweed contains seaweed polysaccharide, mannitol and various amino acids, trace elements and vitamins necessary for human body, the drink not only has the function of iodine supplement, Moreover, it can reduce blood lipid, soften blood vessels and improve the function of liver, heart and other major organs.

4. Processing of fruit and vegetable powder

General fresh fruit and vegetable moisture content is higher, more than 90%, easy to rot, storage and transportation are not convenient. However, when fresh fruits and vegetables are processed into fruit and vegetable powder, the moisture content is less than 6%, which not only makes full use of raw materials, but also reduces the moisture content of dried and dehydrated products and makes them easy to store, greatly reducing the costs of storage, transportation, packaging and other aspects. In addition, the processing of fruit and vegetable powder does not require high raw materials. Milk tea powder wholesale is more important, it broadens the scope of application of fruit and vegetable raw materials.

Fruit and vegetable powder can be applied to all fields of food processing, helping to improve the nutritional composition of products, improve the color and flavor of products and enrich the variety of products, etc. It can be mainly used in: pasta products, such as adding radish powder to noodles to process carrot noodles; Puffed food, such as tomato powder as puffed food seasoning; Meat products, such as adding vegetable powder to ham intestines; Dairy products, such as various fruit and vegetable powder added to milk products; Candy products, in the processing of candy to add apple powder, grass powder; Bake products, such as adding onion powder, tomato powder, etc., in biscuit processing.

In the production of fruit and vegetable powder, the raw materials of fruit and vegetable are generally dried and dehydrated first, and then further crushed. The main drying methods of fruits and vegetables are hot air drying and vacuum freeze drying, the latter because of freezing and vacuum drying, the nutrients of fruits and vegetables, color and flavor greatly preserved.

Fruit and vegetable powder can also be made by beating, homogenizing and then spray drying, but this process has a low utilization rate of raw materials, high cost and less use in production. There are few varieties of fruit and vegetable powder, mainly pumpkin powder and tomato powder. Garlic powder, onion powder, etc., but these powder particles are too large, inconvenient to use, and the temperature of the material is too high; Destroy the nutritional composition, color and flavor of the product, and even produce burnt taste.

At present, the processing of fruit and vegetable powder is developing towards the direction of ultra-fine grinding. After the fruit and vegetable are dried and pulverized, the particle size can reach micron level. Due to the ultrafine refinement of the particles, it has surface area and small size effect, and its physical and chemical properties will change greatly. The obvious advantages are: the physical properties of fruit and vegetable powder, such as dispersibility, water solubility, adsorption and affinity, are improved, and it is more convenient to use. The nutrients are easier to digest, absorb and taste better.

5. Processing of fruit and vegetable crisp chips

Fruit and vegetable crisps are made of fresh, high-quality natural fruits and vegetables, with edible vegetable oil as the heat medium, heated under the condition of low temperature and vacuum, and dehydrated. Its parent technology is vacuum drying technology. As a new type of fruit and vegetable flavor food, it is very popular in Europe, America, Japan and other countries because of its crispy taste, low calories, high fiber, rich in vitamins and minerals, no preservatives, easy to carry, long storage life and so on. It has a broad prospect.

6, international fruit and vegetable processing without abandoned development

In the process of fruit and vegetable processing, there is often a large amount of waste, such as wind fallen fruit, unqualified fruit and a large number of skins, pits, seeds, leaves, stems, flowers, roots and other waste, in fact, also contains valuable wealth. As early as September 1987, the United States government invested 15 million dollars to complete the Apple comprehensive utilization system; The use of stone fruit seed kernel contains bitter almonds to produce almond flavor; Ginger protease was extracted from the by-product of ginger juice and used for curd. Lycopene was extracted from tomato residue to treat prostate disease. In Japan, asparagus is dried and ground into fine powder, which is added to biscuits as a food filler to increase the crispness and nutrition, and added to milk candy to increase the flavor and nutrition; Carrot residue is processed into orange-red vegetable paper, used in food packaging, or eat. In New Zealand, kiwifruit peel is used to extract protein-breaking enzymes, which can prevent the cloudy formation of beer when it cools. It can also be used as a tenderizer of meat, and is often used in medicine as a digestive and enzyme preparation.

Non-waste development has become a new hot spot in the international fruit and vegetable processing industry. But the leftovers after grain, fruit and vegetable processing are often used. Take peanut as an example, our annual production of peanut 15 million tons, production and export volume are the world's first, but the deep processing of peanut is very insufficient. Experts say that peanut food processing technology is crude, peanut oil after soybean meal, protein content is up to 50%, due to the extraction process is not up to standard, these soybean meal can only be used as animal feed or fertilizer, serious waste. Therefore, studying the deep processing technology of waste material should be a big topic for our food processing industry in the future.